Sure. Thank you, Mr. Chair.
With respect to the immigration consequences of sanctions, the objective is clear: it's to prevent inadmissible people from travelling to Canada in the first place, and if they do arrive in Canada, to effect their removal.
We have evidence that the Magnitsky sanctions approach, which is slightly different from what existed for multilateral sanctions prior to the Magnitsky act, has been quite effective. All identified occurrences of sanctioned individuals have been stopped abroad through the refusal of visas. We don't have any recorded incidents of anyone arriving in Canada requiring removal, which was the objective of the Magnitsky approach. That's why, in Bill S-8, the government is proposing to align the remaining sanctions provisions with how they're handled in the Magnitsky act.