In Germany, they look at insurance in a different way. I think the English word is “security”. They have to have $2.5 billion in reserve in case of an incident. That is not quite enough, but it is better. In the long term, if the industry knows that it is going to be held responsible if an incident occurs, it will be more careful.
I have friends in the United States who tell me that, because of the pooling they have there, when a company causes problems and is not well managed, the other companies put pressure on it to improve its management. There are other models, but the principle is that the polluter pays.
Perhaps it is not realistic for the polluter to pay everything, but it is an important factor in the industry as a whole.