Thank you.
Again, this is the annual report from 2019, where NSICOP spoke specifically about interference with academic institutions.
They say, in paragraph 171, the following:
Some states carry out foreign interference activities on Canadian postsecondary education campuses. They seek to utilize the open and innovative features of these institutions to further their own objectives, which include interference activities but also other actions with hostile intent (e.g., espionage and intellectual property theft). Foreign interference activity seeks to influence public opinion and debate, thereby obstructing fundamental freedoms such as speech and assembly, and the independence of academic institutions. In trying to influence public debate at academic institutions, foreign states may sponsor specific events to shape discussion rather than engage in free debate and dialogue. They may also directly or indirectly attempt to disrupt public events or other activities perceived as problematic.
They go on to say in paragraph 173:
As CSIS noted, the [Chinese Students and Scholars Associations] are an important support mechanism for international students studying abroad and “provide a social and professional network for students...they are not nefarious in and of themselves.” However, there is growing public concern about the relationship between the [Chinese Students and Scholars Associations] and the PRC's embassies and consulates as the [Chinese Students and Scholars Associations] are “one of the main means the Chinese authorities use to guide Chinese students and scholars on short-term study abroad.” In the United States, [Chinese Students and Scholars Associations] are “mobilized to protest campus events that threatened to show China in a negative light.... Though ties with the Chinese government vary from chapter to chapter, there is reportedly 'growing ideological pressure from the embassy and consulates'. Some CSSAs already mandate loyalty to the Party—