In a user-pay model, these user fees are a flow-through on the ticket. If it wasn't there, then it wouldn't flow through to the ticket, and the airline wouldn't need to charge it.
However, I think ultimately what you're talking about is affordability of air travel broadly. Really, our view is that the best way to have lower airfares for consumers is to have competition. We've seen with WestJet, Porter and Flair that head-to-head competition drives down fares. I think the good news is that we have Porter on the scene and growing, with nearly 80 planes expected in their fleet by 2025, so it's much-welcomed competition.
We as policy-makers need to make sure we have the right environment for Canada and for the aviation ecosystem in order to compete. I think the more we reduce costs and burden on this system, the more affordable it will be for Canadians to fly and the better that will be for rural and remote communities as well.