Natural Resources committee  You're quite right that the clean fuel standard regulation took a shift away from a dedicated target specifically for decarbonizing gaseous fuels. That being said, there are still mechanisms within the clean fuel standard that allow biogas and renewable natural gas to play a role, by producing low-carbon fuels and by providing fuels for the switching of other fuels, such as diesel or CNG to RNG.

Natural Resources committee  Measures with the clean fuel fund are going to be significant. From a regulatory perspective, I think we'll be looking at the provincial domain and, in a federal context, looking at how we can target mandate opportunities for RNG across the country.

Natural Resources committee  Yes, and I'll just clarify that's 196 megawatts of capacity that's already deployed and actually installed today. Therefore, that's making up part of those 279 projects that are already installed in Canada, and those projects are actively working, yes.

Natural Resources committee  Certainly, and I'm going to answer it in a roundabout way and say that the types of projects that can actually produce RNG are very vast in type and size, so as you can imagine, that price would vary as well. For example, if you're looking at a large landfill, your price can significantly vary and be much less than if you're looking at an agricultural facility that's much smaller in size.

Natural Resources committee  I definitely think that you're bang on in terms of recognizing dated infrastructure. Many municipalities, for example, are investigating what their options look like in terms of how they need to upgrade and improve, recognizing all of the pressure points on environmental energy policies and trends.

Natural Resources committee  That's a great question. I would say there's one distinction there, in that many of the biogas and RNG resources that are created are actually founded from waste materials as opposed to purpose-grown derived materials. When we're looking at the biogas and RNG resource, it's generally coming from agricultural livestock or residues, as well as municipal green bin materials and that type of thing.

Natural Resources committee  Between the agriculture and municipal sectors, as I mentioned, I think there are a lot of untapped resources that can be used to be able to create biogas and renewable natural gas. Our association helps to lend some education, to inform and to connect people with those valuable questions with a very talented group of experts within our membership, so it's being able to provide resources to those farmers.

Natural Resources committee  There is no specific demarcation on commodity. Farmers writ large, whether they are within dairy, pork, poultry, beef or the cash crop area, all of those agriculture resources as well as crop residues can be utilized as feedstocks for biogas and RNG derivations.

Natural Resources committee  Thank you very much for the opportunity to appear before the committee as you undertake this very important study. The Canadian Biogas Association speaks for Canada's biogas and renewable natural gas opportunity. We represent more than 150 farmers, municipalities, technology developers, consultants, utilities and other sector organizations with an interest in reducing more greenhouse gas emissions and tapping more clean energy from Canada's biogas and RNG resources.