Natural Resources committee  Sorry. I didn't hear the question in English. Is it in translation?

Natural Resources committee  Thanks a lot for that question. I'm sorry I didn't hear it the first time. In terms of the production cost in general, if we look at the production line from the beginning, we have the oil from the beginning of the production. Throughout that, the oil is actually moving through the refinery, the transportation, the refinery, etc.

Natural Resources committee  Yes: in particular, the word “safety”—I specialize in safety in particular—we define as “freedom from unacceptable risk”. This means that if we want to say that transportation of a product combination in a pipeline is safe, in order to achieve that we need to estimate accurately the risks around it.

Natural Resources committee  I couldn't hear the question, but I think I got.... I couldn't hear the question in English.

Natural Resources committee  Actually that's indeed a very important question. It is coming to that stage where it's coming to the performance of the pipeline. First of all, one way the pipeline operation can work, as Peter mentioned, is by transporting one product at a time. That's one scenario, to transport one product at a time.

Natural Resources committee  Yes, it could be possible. It could be feasible, based on the fact that we select which carrier and which product we can actually push in the same pipeline at the same time. That is something that is under study, actually, and what we—

Natural Resources committee  These risks, coming from transportation at a distance, are the corrosion or the impact on the pipeline, the degradation, because multiple products might have different chemical properties that might impact the pipeline. In other words, we cannot say that product one and product two, as transported in a pipeline, are safe unless we actually evaluate exactly the risks.

Natural Resources committee  It is feasible, yes.

Natural Resources committee  Thank you very much for that question. It's indeed modelling what we have in practice. First, it's modelling the well. I would just like to highlight which components we are modelling: we're modelling the well, the pipelines, the refinery process, the flares, and even the greenhouse gases in the environment.

Natural Resources committee  Yes, indeed. One of the things I wish for, which from my perspective could be very helpful, is to be able to actually model the whole supply chain so we can see these what-if scenarios. I have really enjoyed most of the questions. All of them have really been what-if scenarios: What if we extend the pipeline?

Natural Resources committee  Thank you very much. It's my pleasure to be here. I'm delighted to be with you here to share some of the thoughts from the R and D and the research perspectives. First of all, I belong to the Faculty of Energy Systems and Nuclear Science, in which we study energy from the perspective of economic and social impacts as benefits to society.