Natural Resources committee  Through you, Mr. Chair, to the honourable member, I don't have numbers specific to Quebec or New Brunswick. In Ontario, using data from the 2021 Ontario Energy Board total unit supply costs, hydroelectric power in Ontario was about six cents per kilowatt hour. Combined to nuclear, it was 8.9¢ per kilowatt hour.

Natural Resources committee  Thank you, Mr. Chair. Through you, to the honourable member, with respect to the question about SMR technology, the fact that it's a new technology doesn't mean that it's not going through the CNSC, our world-class regulator, to look at safety aspects. I trust the great folks at the CNSC who for years have been regulating an industry that has been operating safely and effectively.

Natural Resources committee  It's moving through the CNSC process.

Natural Resources committee  I can't speak to the life cycle, but I have in front of me numbers from the 2021 Ontario Energy Board total unit supply cost, and it's in cents per kilowatt hour. The average residential price for power was 13.5 cents per kilowatt hour. When we look at combined nuclear in Ontario, it was 8.9 cents per kilowatt hour that the grid was paying for that power.

Natural Resources committee  Transmission is absolutely an incredible challenge, given the different jurisdictional nature of building out that infrastructure. The federal government has shown some leadership in developing new transmission infrastructure, but it can go further. There are really big conversations that need to take place with provinces about federal-provincial interties and interties between other jurisdictions.

Natural Resources committee  You need that high-grade electricity transmission to go to run from operating sites. I can't speak to what it looks like, compared to other sources, but I think that investments in transmission infrastructure are going to be absolutely critical. We need to move that now.

Natural Resources committee  Through you, I would direct the honourable member to a recent paper that was released by the International Monetary Fund, which showed that investment in nuclear power produces the biggest multiplier effect of any clean source of electricity generation; nuclear creates 25% more employment per unit of electricity than wind; and workers in those industries earn about 30% more.

Natural Resources committee  I can start. Through you, Mr. Chair, Dr. Keefer mentioned the green bond framework inclusion. Ensuring there's a level playing field for all of our clean energy assets is critical. We can't just pick and choose the technologies that are going to succeed. I think we need a level playing field for all those technologies.

Natural Resources committee  Thank you, Mr. Chair. I'm very pleased to be with you this afternoon. At the Nuclear Innovation Institute, we provide a platform for accelerating the pace of innovation within the nuclear sector, while also serving as a connector and convenor of ideas and people to tackle the challenges we face today.